Results are out and it is time to ramp up on pace of study and revision. I have not tried C2D(cooperate to dominate) ever till now. So, even last year when I cleared prelims for IFoS, I was on my own in handling Forestry and I realized that the bottom up approach(studying whole syllabus, understanding it and then solving Qs) is quite tedious.
An alternative is the top down approach. Map questions topicwise and study the surrounding areas and concepts. There is lot of repetition in questions in forestry exams so it works out well but the problem is that there is not much authoritative text on forestry. Whatever is available is outside reach of regular book-selling websites.
The go to laundry(very unorganized and sometimes irrelevant and kid-like) book is Manikandan Prabhu. Then there is Handbook of Forestry by LS Khanna and AN Chaturvedi.
Use these books and the internet to answer the questions and revise. It should fetch you enough marks to keep you in the game.
I have put 2010-2013 Qs topic wise and sub-topicwise...it is a sufficient snapshot of Q set to getting decent marks. I recommend preparing these answers and then attempting 2014 paper to get a feel of the paper and that should be enough. Best luck to everyone and as crazyphoton has said... Khelo India!!
Uncategorized
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2013(8M)
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Explain the
evolution of the concept of plant succession
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2012(5M)
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Importance of
plant succession in forestry practices
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2010(8M)
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Briefly describe
the merits and demerits of 'high density short rotation' forestry
Enlist suitable
species in this regard along with their productivity potential
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Section A
1.
Silviculture - General :
General
Silvicultural Principles :
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2012(5M)
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Basis of forest
classification and why is there need for such classfication(refer Manikandan
Prabhu)
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2011(20M)
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Define a forest
type, discuss different forest types found along tidal swamp forests with
their species composition
Give note on how
Rhizophra racemosa is managed in mangrove forests of Sunderban
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ecological and
physiological factors influencing vegetation,
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2013(8M)
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"config of
land surface has impact on local climate and wind, which has bearing on
forest". Comment
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2012(5M)
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Effect of snow on
forest vegetation
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2011(10M)
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Define
micro-climate giving suitable examples
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2012(5M)
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Comment on
recycling of nutrients in natural forests
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2013(10M)
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What are the
sources and nature of elements considered as essential plant nutrients
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2010(5M)
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Short note
on----nutrient cycling in natural forests
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2011(10M)
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Compare nutrient
cycling in natural forest, agroforestry system and agricultural field.
Discuss how it helps sustain soil feritility
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2010(4M)
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Difference between
photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient use efficiency
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natural and artificial regeneration of
forests;
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2013(10M)
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Explain various
factors affecting choice between artificial and natural regeneration with
reasoning
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2012(5M)
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Successful
regeneration in a forest depends upon silvicultural system
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2012(16M)
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Differentiate
clearly between natural and artificial regeneration
Describe manner in
which natural regeneration of Teak, Sal, Deodar takes place
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2011(10M)
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What is
regeneration stock map? How is it prepared?
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2011(5M)
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Differentiate
between artificial and natural regeneration
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2013(8M)
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Explain factors
affecting length of regeneration period in a Periodic block. What is its
effect on form of crop
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2013(10M)
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How is allotment
of areas made in Permanent and Floating Periodic Blocks?
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2010(10M)
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Successful
regeneration in a forest stand depends on judicious choice of silvicultural
system. Comment
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methods of
propagation, grafting techniques; site factors;
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2010(4M)
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Difference between
site quality and site index
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2010(4M)
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Difference between
net primary production and yield
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nursery and planting
techniques-nursery beds, polybags and maintenance, water budgeting, grading and
hardening of seedlings; special approaches; establishment and tending.
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2010(8M)
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What are different
types of containers used in raising forest nurseries. List their adv, disadv
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2.
Silviculture - systems :
Clear felling,
uniform shelter wood selection, coppice and conversion systems.
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2012(16M)
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How will you
classify silvicultural system? Discuss important features of uniform system
wrt Pinus roxburghii and give merits/demerits
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2013(10M)
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Describe method
followed to introduce uniform Shelterwood system in a forest where Cedrus
deodara is mixed with Pinus wallichiana
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2012(10M)
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Describe Clear
felling silvicultural system--nature of crop produced, felling sys, tending,
regen, adv, disadv
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2010(10M)
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Briefly describe a
silvicultural system in which equal or equiproductive areas of mature crops
are successfully felled
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Management of
silviculture systems of temperate, subtropical, humid tropical, dry tropical
and coastal tropical forests with special reference to plantation silviculture,
choice of species,
establishment and management of standards, enrichment methods, technical
constraints, intensive mechanized methods, aerial seeding thinning.
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2013(8M)
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Enumerate the
factors which decide the choice of species for plantation
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2013(20M)
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Explain role of
thinning in forestry. What are different methods of thinning followed in
regular crops? Discuss in detail crown thinning
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2013(8M)
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Write on impact of
felling height and felling intensity on the sustainability of bamboo clump
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2012(5M)
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Comment on failure
of forest plantations
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2012(8M)
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Ecological aspects
for selecting tree species?
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2012(6M)
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Highlight salient
features of : aerial seeding, stump planting
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2011(10M)
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Define forest
conversion, explain various situations where it is advisable, general
techniques of forest conversion
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2011(10M)
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How do we
calculate seed requirement of species while raising nursery, explain method
of calculating number of plants required per hectare plantation
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2011(20M)
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Explain following
points for nursery management
1.site selection
and layout, 2.soil working, 3.methods of raising nursery stock, 4.plant
protection measures, 5.nursery register
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2011(10M)
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Briefly describe
the selection system with particular reference to following
1.character of
crop produced, 2.felling cycle, 3.tending, 4. regeneration, 5.adv and disadv
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2010(8M)
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Why do forest
plantations fail? Cite relevant examples
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2010(8M)
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"Tropical
regions are rich in floral biodiversity as compared to temperate
regions." Do you agree
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2010(8M)
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Briefly discuss
low temperate injuries in forest trees
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2010(10M)
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What do you
understand by the term locality factors? How these affect decisin of
plantations undertaken by silviculturists
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2010(5M)
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"conversion"
is an accepted silvicultural system, comment
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2010(10M)
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Distinguish
between 'tending operations' and 'cultural operations' in forestry
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3.
Silviculture - Mangrove and Cold desert :
Mangrove : habitat
and characteristics, mangrove, plantation-establishment and rehabilitation of
degraded mangrove formations;
silvicultural
systems for mangrove; protection of habitats against natural disasters.
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2013(8M)
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Explain following
mangrove habitats--1.deltaic mangrove habitat, 2.coastal mangrove
habitat(east and west coast)
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2012(5M)
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How are mangrove
forests managed in India
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2011(10M)
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Suggest measures
to rehabilitate degraded mangrove forests
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2010(8M)
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Give zonation of
land sea interface in a typical mangrove eco system with its characteristics
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2010(5M)
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Comment on
'mangrove ecosystems have physiologically dry soil'
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2010(8M)*
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Illustrate
succession of mangrove vegetation in sea coast
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Cold desert -
Characteristics, identification and management of species.
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2010(10M)
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How and why should
cold desert forest ecosystem be conserved
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4.
Silviculture of trees :
Traditional and
recent advances in tropical silvicultural research and practices.
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2013(10M)
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What are
traditional practices and recent advances in tropical silvicultural research
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Silviculture of some
of the economically important species in India such as
Acacia catechu,
Acacia nilotica, Acacia auriculiformis,
Albizzia lebbeck,
Albizzia procera, Anthocephalus Cadamba, Anogeissus latifolia, Azadirachta
indica,
Bamboo spp, Butea
monosperma, Cassia siamea, Casuarina equisetifolia, Cedrus deodara, Chukrasia
tabularis,
Dalbergia sisoo,
Dipterocarpus spp., Emblica officindils, Eucalyptus spp, Gmelina Arborea,
Hardwickia binata, Largerstroemia
Lanceolata, Pinus
roxburghi, Populus spp, Pterocarpus marsupium, Prosopis juliflora,
Santalum album,
Semecarpus anacardium,. Shorea robusta, Salmalia malabaricum, Tectona grandis,
Terminalis tomemtosa, Tamarindus indica.
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2013(10M)
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What is reason
behind large scale mortality noticed in Dalbergia Sissoo and Acacia Nilotica
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2012(5M)
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Reasons for dying
of Dalbergia sissoo
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2012(4M)
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Bamboo 'gregarious
flowering' is an indicator of drought. Comment
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2010(4M)
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Difference between
gregarious flowering and sporadic flowering of bamboo
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2012(8M)
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Discuss
silviculture of following species: Shorea robusta, Bamboo species
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2012(10M)
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Write on economic
importance of : Acacia nilotica, Terminalia belerica, Vitex negundo, Madhuca
latifolia
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2011(10M)
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Explain role of
fire in silviculture of shorea robusta
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2011(20M)
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Describe silvics
of Tectona grandis---1.distribution and morphology, 2.silvicultural
characters, 3.silvicultural system and mgt, 4. utilization
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2011(20M)
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Describe silvics
of Casuarina equisetifolia---1.ecology and dist, 2.propagation and mgt,
3.functional uses, 4. pests and diseases
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2010(8M)
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Acacia catechu and
Prosopis juliflora have emerged as important species for marginal lands.
Discuss briefly
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2010(20M)
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Indian
sandalwood(Santalum album) is most valuable wood in India but its
silvicultural production is not satisfactory
Discuss above in
relation to the phenology of Santalum album and forest laws governing its
cultivation and trade
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2010(10M)
|
Give climatic
requirement, rotation age, spacing, tending operations and yield of 1.Populus
deltoides, 2.Casuarina equisetifolia
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Section B
1.
Agroforestry, Social Forestry, JointForest Management and Tribology :
Agroforestry - scope
and necessity; role in the life of people and domestic animals and in
integrated land use, planning especially
related to (i) soil
and water conservation; (ii) water recharge; (iii) nutrient availability to
crops; (iv) nature and ecosystem preservation including ecological
balances through
pest-predator relationships and (v) providing opportunities for enhancing
bio-diversity, medicinal and other flora and fauna.
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2011(5M)
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Explain various
components of a hydrological model for an agroforestry system
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Agro forestry
systems under different agro-ecological zones;
selection of species
and role of multipurpose trees and NTFPs, techniques, food, fodder and fuel
security.
Research and
Extension needs.
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2013(8M)
|
Elaborate upon
multipurpose tree species ideotype selection criteria
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2013(10M)
|
Based on the
objectives, what are the different classifications of the 'forestry'
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2013(10M)
|
What are
fundamental bases for classification of agroforestry systems
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2013(8M)
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What are unique
requirements of tree improvement in agroforestry
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2013(8M)
|
Describe tree-crop
allelopathy in agroforestry
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2012(4M)
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Difference between
agroforestry and silvicluture, NTFPs and MPTs
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2012(5M)
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Recent progress in
agroforestry research, development in our country for sustainable development
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2011(10M)
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While selecting
species for agroforestry, below grouund and above ground interatcions between
component species need to be considered, Discuss
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2011(10M)
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Discuss the direct
use value of biodiversity
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2010(5M)
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Short note on
---diagnosis and design of agroforestry
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2010(5M)
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What is integrated
land use management? Give plan of integrated land management for 10 ha of
land in tropics and sub tropics of India
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2010(5M)
|
Comment on need of
research in agroforestry in India
|
Social/Urban
Forestry : objectives, scope and necessity; peoples participation.
|
2012(5M)
|
How social
forestry differs from other types of forestry
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|
2010(5M)
|
Drawbacks of
social forestry program in India
|
|
2011(10M)
|
Management
challenges in urban forestry are unique compared to other social forestry
programs. Discuss
|
|
2010(5M)
|
Short note on
management of urban forestry
|
JFM - principles,
objectives, methodology, scope, benefits and role of NGOs.
|
2013(8M)
|
What entry point
activities are recommended in JFM
|
|
2013(10M)
|
Scope and
objectives of forest management, what is impact of restrictions laid down by
SC on green felling in forests
|
|
|
|
Tribology - tribal
scene in India; tribes, concept of races, principles of social grouping, stages
of tribal economy, education, cultural tradition, customs, ethos and
participation in forestry programmes.
|
2013(8M)
|
What are
fundamental characteristics of tribal economy in India
|
|
2011(10M)
|
Write short notes
on 1.tribal economy, 2.Chola naickans, 3.Gujjars, 4.Gonds
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2011(10M)
|
Discuss chars
shared by diverse tribal groups all over India
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|
2010(5M)
|
How can we make
use of traditional knowledge of major tribes of India in forest
conservation(both flora and fauna)
|
2. Forest
Soils, Soil Conservation and Watershed management :
Forests Soils:
classification, factors affecting soil formation; physical, chemical and
biological properties.
Soil conservation -
definition, causes for erosion; types - wind and water erosion; conservation
and management of eroded soils/areas, wind breaks, shelter belts;
sand dunes;
reclamation of saline and alkaline soils, water logged and other waste lands.
|
2013(20M)
|
What are specific
problems of following wastelands, suggest at least 3 species for planting in
each one of them
1.hot desert,
2.saline and alkaline soils, 3.wetlands, 4.cold desert
|
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2012(5M)
|
How shelter belt
and wind breaks help in sand dune stabilization and desert control
|
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2012(5M)
|
Describe briefly
afforestation techniques adopted for ravinous lands of Yamuna giving suitable
species
|
|
2012(10M)
|
Explain different
processes of soil erosion, briefly describe them with ex. How vegetation
including tree can help conserve soil and water
|
|
2011(20M)*
|
Discuss factors
that inhibit tree growth in alkali and saline soils
How is alkali soil managed for tree species plantation? Write scientific names of 4 tree species suitable for plantation in alkali soils |
|
2010(4M)
|
Difference between
shelter belts and wind breaks
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2010(5M)
|
Among causes of
soil erosion, some are manageable, comment
|
|
2010(5M)
|
Difference between
erodability and erosivity
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|
2010(10M)
|
What are saline
and sodic soils, mention 10 species with scientific names of trees tolerant
to salinity
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Role of forests in
conserving soils. Maintenance and build
up of soil organic matter, provision of loppings for green leaf manuring;
forest leaf litter and composting; Role of microorganisms in ameliorating
soils; N and C cycles, VAM.
|
2012(5M)
|
Discuss role of
forests in interception, surface runoff, infiltration of rainfall, regulation
of stream flow, maintaining soil fertility
|
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2013(10M)
|
Write note on
'role of microorganism and Rhizobium in amelioration of forest soils'
|
|
2012(8M)
|
Lopping management
and canopy architecture in forests
|
|
2012(5M)
|
Difference between
endomycorrhizae and extomycorrhizae
|
|
2012(5M)
|
Source sink
relationship wrt C cycle, write a note
|
|
2011(10M)
|
Explain various
applications of geo-textiles for soil conservation
|
|
2011(10M)
|
Differentiate
between endo and ecto mycorrhizae wrt structure and function
|
|
2011(10M)
|
Write short notes
on 1.carbon sequestration, 2.riparian buffers, 3.forest decline, 4.nitrate
pollution
|
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2010(10M)
|
Why is LAI
important in deciding the productivity of forest trees? Explain the concept
of optimum LAI and how it varies with type of forest and climate
|
|
2010(5M)
|
Short note on
canopy architecture
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2010(5M)
|
Short note
on---lopping management
|
|
2010(10M)*
|
How are
ectomycorrhizal fungi beneficial in managing soil borne diseases in forest
nurseries? Give examples
|
Watershed Management
- concepts of watershed; role of mini-forests and forest trees in overall
resource management, forest hydrology, watershed development in respect of
torrent control, river channel stabilization, avalanche and landslide controls,
rehabilitation of degraded areas; hilly and mountain areas; watershed
management and environmental functions of forests; water-harvesting and
conservation; ground water recharge and watershed management; role of
integrating forest trees, horticultural crops, field crops, grass and fodders.
|
2013(10M)
|
What is watershed
development? Explain objectives and role in rural development
|
|
2011(10M)
|
Discuss factors to
be considered for efficient recycling of harvested water
|
|
2011(10M)
|
Discuss strategies
and plans adopted for treatment of catchment areas
|
3.
Environmental Conservation and Biodiversity :
Environment;
components and importance, principles of conservation, impact of deforestation;
forest fires and various human activities like mining, construction and
developmental projects, population growth on environment.
|
2013(10M)
|
Describe the
anthropogenic causes for forest destruction, how can these be checked
|
|
2012(8M)
|
Comment on view
that after deforestation, forest fires are most imp cause of forest
destruction, give diff types of forest fires causes, preventive measures
|
|
2012(5M)
|
What are major
ecological considerations in afforestations
|
|
2012(5M)
|
What are causes of
forest fires? Discuss damage caused to rest by fire along with its control
|
Pollution - types,
global warming, green house effects, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, impact
and control measures, environmental monitoring; concept of sustainable
development.
|
2013(10M)
|
What is global
warming? Discuss how it disturbs ecological balance of nature and suggest
suitable remedies
|
|
2013(10M)
|
Explain : criteria
pollutants, pollutant standards index, severance tax, smog
|
Role of trees and
forests in environmental conservation; control and prevention of air, water and
noise pollution.
|
2012(5M)
|
Do forests
influence rainfall? How?
|
|
2010(5M)
|
Write on tree
species for smoke and dust pollution control
|
Environmental policy
and legislation in India. Environmental Impact Assessment. Economics assessment
of watershed development vis-a-vis ecological and environmental protection.
|
2013(10M)
|
Briefly describe
the national legislation on
biodiversity, name activities for which states can seek funds from central
government
|
|
2011(10M)
|
Name the
biodiversity hotspots in India, discuss major threats to biodiversity
|
|
2010(10M)
|
What do you
understand by 'hot spot' in relation to floral diversity, explain methods of
ex-situ and in-situ conservation
|
4. Tree
Improvement and Seed Technology :
General concept of
tree improvement, methods and techniques, variation and its use, provenance,
seed source, exotics; quantitative aspects of forest tree improvement,
|
2010(5M)
|
Short note
on----strategies for conventional tree improvement program
|
seed production and
seed orchards, progeny tests, use of tree improvement in natural forest and
stand improvement, genetic testing programming, selection and breeding for
resistance to diseases, insects, and adverse environment;
|
2013(10M)
|
'pollen dilution
zones in seed orchards' write a note, discuss various factors affecting its
effectiveness, what are other options avlbl in its place
|
|
2012(5M)
|
Write short note
on seed orchards
|
|
2011(10M)
|
Describe various
approaches for obtaining genetically superior seed giving advantages of each
|
|
2011(10M)
|
Discuss--"even
in large expts with many families, heritabilities are not estimated without
error"
|
|
2010(5M)
|
Short note on
---seed coating and pelletting
|
the genetic base, forest genetic resources and
gene conservation in situ and ex-situ. Cost benefit ratio, economic evaluation.
|
2013(10M)
|
What is genetic
drift? State and discuss Hardy Weinberg law and its significance
|
|
2013(10M)
|
Operational use of
vegetative propagation in tree improvement
|
|
2012(5M)
|
Discuss use of
tree improvement in natural forest and stand improvement
|
|
2011(10M)
|
Discuss importance
of tissue culture techniques as tool in tree improvement
|
|
2011(10M)
|
Describe
regression selection method for plus tree selection in even-aged stands
|
|
2010(5M)
|
Comment on 'pure
stand of forests result in incomplete utilization of the site'
|
|
2010(10M)
|
Discuss
possibilities of biotechological interventions in tree improvement programs
|
|
2010(10M)
|
What is
"provenance trial", explain the stepwise procedure for this trial
followed in forest species
|
